Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form within or on the surface of the ovaries. These cysts can range in size, from small to large, and develop during a woman’s menstrual cycle. They are common and usually harmless, often resolving independently without causing any symptoms. However, some instances of ovarian cysts can point to other health issues. Treatment is important for managing any associated symptoms and addressing underlying conditions.
Several factors may include:
Sometimes, the follicles that release an egg during ovulation may not rupture or release the egg, leading to the formation of follicular cysts.
Cysts might form when the follicle doesn’t dissolve after releasing the egg, leading to the development of a corpus luteum cyst.
Endometriomas, or cysts resulting from endometriosis, occur when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus and attaches to the ovaries.
Women with PCOS may have numerous small cysts on their ovaries due to hormone imbalances. If you have PCOS, you may not have periods very often. Or you may have periods that last many days.
Symptoms may include:
Dull or sharp pain in the lower abdomen on the side of the affected ovary.
A feeling of heaviness in the abdomen due to a larger cyst.
Changes in menstrual cycles, including irregular periods or spotting.
Discomfort during bowel movements or urination due to cyst pressure on nearby organs.
Risk factors contributing to this development include:
Women in their childbearing years, especially those who have irregular menstrual cycles, are more prone to cysts.
Hormonal irregularities, particularly with estrogen and progesterone, can increase the likelihood of cyst formation.
Women with a history of endometriosis or PCOS are at a higher risk.
Preventive measures may include:
Oral contraceptives can regulate hormone levels and prevent the development of functional cysts.
Routine gynecological examinations can aid in early detection and management.
Diagnosis involves various methods:
Physical examinations to check for abnormalities or cysts in the ovaries.
Using sound waves to create images of the ovaries and detect the presence of cysts.
Detailed imaging tests to visualize cysts’ size, type, and characteristics.
Treatment options include:
Many cysts, especially smaller ones, resolve on their own without intervention.
Pain relievers or hormonal contraceptives to manage symptoms or prevent cyst growth.
Cystectomy to remove the cyst while preserving the ovary, or oophorectomy to remove the affected ovary in severe cases.
Cystectomy involves the surgical removal of ovarian cysts while preserving the ovary. This procedure aims to address large or problematic cysts causing pain, discomfort, or affecting fertility, allowing for symptom relief while conserving ovarian function whenever possible.
Oophorectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of one or both ovaries, commonly performed to manage complex or recurring ovarian cysts. This procedure aims to address severe cyst-related symptoms, prevent cyst recurrence, or treat underlying ovarian conditions, impacting fertility and hormonal balance.
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